Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Conservation Action Plan (ID: 1395)

Project last modified by ecoffman on April 22, 2010. Project Created By: The Nature Conservancy.

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Threats
Viability Assessment
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Project Info

Contact Name:
Bo Yang

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Contact Organization:
The Nature Conservancy

Project Start Date:
August 15, 2006

Data Effective Date:
October 15, 2008

Hectares:
32,600

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Operational Unit(s):

China

Ecoregion(s):

East China Sea Marine

Country(ies):

China

Organizational Priorities:

Focal Area - Freshwater

Parent Project:

Yangtze River Priority Project (Parent's Project ID: 1526)

Project Description:
Shanghai Chongming Dongtan project started in 2006. This decision was based on the importance of Shanghai Chongming Dongtan in Asia-Pacific Migration Route, and the fact that typical estuarine wetlands habitats at the mouth of the Yangtze River.

Due to the sedimentation of mud and sand from the Yangtze River, Chongming Dongtan consists of large areas of fresh water/salty water marshes, tidal creeks and inter-tidal mudflat, where there are farmland, fish and crab ponds and reed beds, and supports substantial biodiversity.

Just being at the north-south flyway of the migratory birds, Shanghai Chongming Dongtan is a good staging and wintering site. Each year, millions of birds come to this site for staging and wintering. The number of gooses coming for wintering reaches over 30,000. And 4 species listed into the National first-class categories under the state protection like white stork (Ciconia boyciana), hooded crane (Crus monacha), black stork (Ciconia nigra) and white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). And the amounts of at least 10 species water birds exceed 1% level of the population of East Asian and Australian.

Chongming Dongtan is also the channel for migratory fish, and the spawning and feeding grounds for many species of fish, especially for the Chinese sturgeon.

Chongming Dongtan plays an important role in public environmental education and training, considering that is 46 km far from the downtown of Shanghai City, and Shanghai Government wishes to build its city as an eco-friendly city and they successfully applied World Expo 2010 and have paid enormous efforts to it, and Chongming Dongtan also provides natural and beautiful entertainment and recreation place for Shanghai residents.

Dynamic changing of estuarine wetlands and its migratory bird habitats conservation represent a challenging frontier for the Wetland Project of China Program. In order to formulate a clear vision for how to practice conservation in this area, the Wetland Project works with partners and experts together to develop the conservation action plan for the Chongming Dongtan of Shanghai. It is a means of developing the most effective conservation strategies to abate critical threats and improve the ecological health of significant species, communities and systems within this area.

Participated in the 2009 Climate Clinic.

Project Goal Comment:
The Nature Conservancy will work with partners at all levels to successfully implement the conservation strategies for estuarine wetlands and habitats for migratory birds that depend upon them.

Project Scope: typically estuarine wetland at the mouth of the Yangtze River and its important habitats for migratory birds

Team Info:
Person Organization Skills/Knowledge Roles

Bo Yang: TNC China Program\ CAP methods\ Project coordinator

Yunxuan Zhou: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research of East China Normal University\Estuarine Environment and Spatial Analysis\ Leading advisor

Liquan Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research of East China Normal University\ Vegetation Ecology/ Project advisor

Yaqu Chen: East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAS\ Fish and Benthos\ Project advisor

Zhijun Ma: Biodiversity Science Institute of Fuda University\ Migratory birds\ Project advisor

Chendong Tang: Management Bureau of Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve\ Management Strategies\ Stakeholder and Project advisor

Zhizhong Geng: Management Bureau of Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve\ Science and research strategies\ Stakeholder and Project advisor

Bo Tian: the School of Life Sciences of Fudan University\ Spatial Analysis\Project advisor

Results and Lessons Learned Summary:
As the correlation of estuarine ecosystem and species conservation has considered, The Nature Conservancy broaden the designated conservation area from the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve to the Chongming Dongtan of International Importance (Ramsar Site of Chongming Dongtan), which includes the Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve and the rounded area inside the dyke, which includes farmlands, river branches, aquacultural ponds, with an area of 85 square kilometers.

Objectives

Name
By 2012, combing with the development of model nature reserve promoted by SFA, work with partners to promote scientific and modern reserve of estuarine kind
By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management
work with partners along the flyway to enhance cooperation and communication on migratory birds conservation and management

Targets

Focal Conservation Target	Target Type	Habitat Type
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community (more info) Description: The intertidal Flat Community is an area located between the average low tide and the average high tide during spring tide, which is the main component of Chongming Dongtan. Depending on the strength of influence from tides, the intertidal zone can in turn be divided into three parts: the high tidal flat, the middle tidal flat and the low tidal flat. The high tidal flat lies between the high tide of the average spring and neap tides. Here sediment mostly consists of silt soil, which is not submerged by the tidewater during the neap tide, and thus remains fairly unaffected by tidewater. Before the invasive species cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) was introduced in the reserve, the plants on the intertidal flat are mainly reeds (Phragmites australis). But now the cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) has extensively existed. The animals are mainly various crabs and mud-skipper (Periophthalmus cantonensis). The middle tidal flat lies between the average high and low tide of neap tides. This area has sediment composed primarily of clayish silt, which is why the tideland is also referred to as the sand-mud beach. Here, the plants are mainly sea-bulrush (Scirpus mariqueter) and common bulrush (Scirpus triqueter), which show exuberant growth. The benthos is composed of various types of snails and crabs. And now the cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) has already existed. The low tidal flat is located between the average low tide of the neap and spring tides. The sediment is primarily coarse sand, and the area is referred to as the sandy beach. This area is inundated for a relatively long period of time, and some parts may remain submerged for the whole day during neap tide. The higher plants in this area do not normally get established well and only algae can grow, thus it is called as the bare flat. The benthos consists mainly of snails, shellfish, and polychaetes. Chongming Dongtan belongs to a typical developing estuarine wetland dominated by tidal marshes that continues to expand, and thus provides vast space for intertidal plants to spread. And meanwhile the runoff from the Yangtze River and the tidal cycle bring plenty of nutrients to the downstream regions, which, in turn, support rich abundance of fishes as well as benthic organisms. All these factors together provide various habitats for birds. Abundant vegetation resources, benthic and aquatic animal communities provide a reliable food source for birds. Meanwhile Chongming Dongtan is also very important habitats for migratory fish. There are 9 species of migratory fish thriving at the Yangtze River estuary, including Chinese sturgeon, roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus), tapertail anchovy (Coilia mystus), estuarine tapertail anchovy (Coilia ectenes), noodlefish (Hemisalanx prognathus), Reeve's shad (Tenualosa reevesii), obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) and Japanese eel. All of these species pass through the water area of Chongming Dongtan during their migration. The first two are rare and endangered species. The fishing season begins when tapertail anchovy, estuarine tapertail anchovy, and Japanese eel migrate through the waters near the reserve. In addition, young fish of noodlefish and obscure puffer use Chongming Dongtan and the nearby waters as their fattening ground.	Ecological System	Littoral :: Mud Shorelines and Intertidal Mud Flats Littoral :: Salt Marshes Littoral :: Estuaries
Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex (more info) Description: Before the introduction of an exotic species Spartina alterniflora in 1995, a general pattern of three distinct zones of salt marsh vegetation, related to elevation and its successional series, could be identified, stretching from the 1998 inland dyke and moving eastwards towards the low tide. The tidal flats with an elevation of less than 2 m are characterized by mud flats without any vascular plants. The tidal flats between 2.0 and 2.9 m elevation are dominated by a Scirpus mariqueter community, with some local areas dominated by Scirpus triqueter. Above 2.9 m, plant communities are dominated by Phragmites australis, with some small areas of Imperata cylindrica, Suaeda glauca, Juncus setchuensis and Carex scabrifolia. An additional species is Spartina alterniflora, which was introduced to Chongming Dongtan in 1995. With its great capacity of reducing tidal wave energy, trapping sediment and mitigating erosion, about 337 ha of S. alterniflora had been planted in the upper zone of S. mariqueter along the northern and eastern parts of the 1998 reclamation dyke. Over the last ten years, this species has rapidly invaded from the dyke-ward side to the water side and occupied large areas formerly covered by Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter and formed strong competition with these native salt marsh vegetation. Meanwhile according to the monitoring data of carbon flux since 2005, the capacity of salt marsh absorbing carbon dioxide is equal or even higher than tropic forestry's. And salt marsh also plays an important role in water purification.	Species Assemblage: Plants	Littoral :: Salt Marshes
Migratory Shorebirds (more info) Description: Shorebirds are long-distance migratory birds that are living on inland or seaside wetlands areas. Chongming Dongtan is an important stopover site at the East Asian-Australian Shorebirds Flyway. It is estimated that about 51 species, 250,000 shorebirds use this region every spring and autumn for staying, food and energy supplying, among which most are passing migrants, and few are winter resident or resident birds. Migratory shorebirds that flying north in Spring arrive in Chongming Dongtan since the last ten days of March, and it will last until the middle ten days of May. There are about 60 days. And the peak arriving period of shorebirds is from the first ten days to the last ten days of April. In autumn when these birds flying south, they arrive in Chongming Dongtan since the middle ten days of July, and it will last until the end of October. There are about 130 days. And the peak arriving period this time is from the middle ten days of September to the middle ten days of October. Salt marsh and bare flat of Chongming Dongtan are priority habitats for shorebirds. And some aquatics breeding area inside the dike are also favorite habitats for some shorebirds. Snail, seashell and carapace and other benthos are main food for shorebirds, and some plants are also included. 7 species of this group have met the 1% criterion qualifying Wetland of International Importance. It clearly shows the significance of Chongming Dongtan's role in migratory flyway.	Species Assemblage: Animals: Birds	Littoral :: Mud Shorelines and Intertidal Mud Flats Littoral :: Salt Marshes Littoral :: Estuaries
Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks (more info) Description: Migratory waterfowls/migratory geese and ducks are the main wintering waterbird group in Chongming Dongtan. From the ten days of September, geese and ducks from the north arrive in Chongming Dongtan for wintering or food supply. It is estimated that there are about 500,000 geese and ducks of 24 species. Their number was over 20,000 during the survey in January 2005, but it has decreased recent years. The peak arriving time is the middle or the last ten days of November. Geese and ducks, from the middle ten days of October to the middle ten days of March or the first ten days of April of next year, about 150 or 180 days altogether, will stay in Chongming Dongtan for wintering or food supply. . The waterfowls mainly inhabited at the peripheral area of the mudflats with shallow water previously. However, this area is also the central area of eel fishing in winter, which bring great disturbance to the waterfowls. In the past decade, the waterfowls primarily stay in the aquacultural ponds inside the 1998 dyke at the daytime, and their main food is the seeds, corms and roots of Scirpus mariqueter that grow on the mudflats. Meanwhile benthic fauna, aquatic fauna and roots of some other plants are also their food.	Species Assemblage: Animals: Birds	Littoral :: Mud Shorelines and Intertidal Mud Flats Littoral :: Estuaries
Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) (more info) Description: The hooded crane belongs to Category Ⅰ of State Special Protected Wild Animals, and is also the flagship species of Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve. The number of hooded cranes wintering in the Reserve every year is about 130, which takes up 10% of the population abundance on the flyway. The hooded cranes mainly stay at the outer area of the Scirpus mariqueter zone, take the corms of Scirpus mariqueter as food, and sometimes eat paddies in the farmlands.	Species Assemblage: Animals: Birds	Littoral :: Estuaries
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) (more info) Description: Spoonbills(the Black-faced) are international endangered birds and belong to Category Ⅱ of State Special Protected Wild Animals. Every spring and autumn, spoonbills pass their stopover site Chongming Dongtan during migration. In spring of 2006, 62 spoonbills were recorded once here. In recent years, a small number of spoonbills still wintered in Chongming Dongtan. They mainly stay in the aquacultural ponds and sometimes appear at the shallow water area outside the mudflats.	Species Assemblage: Animals: Birds	Littoral :: Estuaries

Threats

Threat (Common Taxonomy) ^*	Targets Threatened
Invasive, non-native plant species (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Incompatible development (Residential & Commercial Development :: Housing & Urban Areas )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Incompatible aquaculture practice (Agriculture & Aquaculture :: Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture )	Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
Dams/ hydralic works along the Yangtze River (Natural System Modifications :: Dams & Water Management/Use )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex Migratory Shorebirds Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Recreational use (Residential & Commercial Development :: Tourism & Recreation Areas )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
Changed migratory route/behavior (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Temperature Extremes )	Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
Bird flu (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species )	Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Yangtze water quality (Pollution :: Household Sewage & Urban Waste Water )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Cattle management (Agriculture & Aquaculture :: Livestock Farming & Ranching )	Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
overfishing/dredge fisheries (Agriculture & Aquaculture :: Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Accelerated sea level rise (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Habitat Shifting & Alteration )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex Migratory Shorebirds
Illegal hunting/poaching (Biological Resource Use :: Hunting & Collecting Terrestrial Animals )	Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
Incompatible wind energy development (Energy Production & Mining :: Renewable Energy )	Migratory Shorebirds Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks
Marine shipping (Transportation & Service Corridors :: Shipping Lanes )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex
water and soil conservation works along the Yangtze River (Agriculture & Aquaculture :: Wood & Pulp Plantations )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex
Altered water chemistry (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Temperature Extremes )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
Incompatible agriculture management (Pollution :: Agricultural & Forestry Effluents )	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
Reed havesting (Biological Resource Use :: Gathering Terrestrial Plants )	Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex

^* For information on the common taxonomy of threats, see http://conservationmeasures.org/CMP/IUCN/.

Strategies

Strategy (Common Taxonomy)	Threats Addressed
Design and implement program of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter on degraded area/original Spartina alterniflora area ( Land/Water Management :: Invasive/Problematic Species Control )	Invasive, non-native plant species
Develop fish and benthos management policies and practice to be compatible with breeding and productivity ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management )	Incompatible aquaculture practice overfishing/dredge fisheries
Develop reserve and island policies that will determine ecologically sound detection and prevention measures to prohibit the introduction and the spread of new invasive species ( Land/Water Management :: Invasive/Problematic Species Control )	Invasive, non-native plant species
Develop the flyway network to protect and conserve the birds along the migratory path in he Asia-Pacific ( External Capacity Building :: Alliance & Partnership Development )	Changed migratory route/behavior
Develop water management policies and practices to be compatible with ecological needs of conservation targets ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management )	Yangtze water quality Incompatible agriculture management Altered water chemistry Dams/ hydralic works along the Yangtze River water and soil conservation works along the Yangtze River Marine shipping
Implement habitat enhancements, fish ponds restoration and control, prevent hunting acitivities and regular patrols of conservation area to protect migratory birds staying and feeding of Chongming Dongtan ( Land/Water Management :: Habitat & Natural Process Restoration )	Incompatible aquaculture practice Cattle management overfishing/dredge fisheries
Provide sediment management poclicies and practices to be compatible with the ecological needs of estuarine ecosystem of Chongming Dongtan ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management )	Dams/ hydralic works along the Yangtze River water and soil conservation works along the Yangtze River
Secure zoning, land use policies within the conservation area that will protect conservation targets and their priority habitat ( Law & Policy :: Policies & Regulations )	Accelerated sea level rise Recreational use Incompatible wind energy development Incompatible development
Set up dynamic management system within the conservation area that will effectively readjust management plan according to seasonal and environmental change ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management )	Accelerated sea level rise Recreational use Dams/ hydralic works along the Yangtze River Incompatible development
Work with partners together to monitor and prevent bird flu ( External Capacity Building :: Alliance & Partnership Development )	Bird flu

Viability Summary

Conservation Targets		Landscape Context		Condition		Size		Viability Rank
Conservation Targets		Grade	Weight	Grade	Weight	Grade	Weight	Viability Rank
1	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Fair	1.0	Good	1.0	Fair	1.0	Fair
2	Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex	-	1.0	Fair	1.0	-	1.0	Fair
3	Migratory Shorebirds	Good	1.0	Good	1.0	Fair	1.0	Good
4	Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks	Fair	1.0	Fair	1.0	Good	1.0	Fair
5	Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)	Fair	1.0	Fair	1.0	Good	1.0	Fair
6	Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)	Poor	1.0	Fair	1.0	Good	1.0	Fair
Project Biodiversity Health Rank								Fair

Threat Summary

Project-specific Threats (Common Taxonomy *)	Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)	Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex	Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)	Migratory Shorebirds	Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks	Overall Threat Rank
Invasive, non-native plant species (Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species)	-	High	High	High	Medium	High	High
Incompatible development (Housing & Urban Areas)	-	High	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Incompatible aquaculture practice (Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture)	High	-	-	Low	-	Low	Medium
Dams/ hydralic works along the Yangtze River (Dams & Water Management/Use)	-	Medium	Medium	Medium	Low	-	Medium
Recreational use (Tourism & Recreation Areas)	Medium	Medium	-	-	-	Low	Medium
Changed migratory route/behavior (Temperature Extremes)	Low	-	-	Low	Medium	Low	Low
Bird flu (Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species)	-	-	-	Low	Low	Medium	Low
Yangtze water quality (Household Sewage & Urban Waste Water)	-	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Cattle management (Livestock Farming & Ranching)	-	-	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
overfishing/dredge fisheries (Marine & Freshwater Aquaculture)	-	Low	-	Low	Low	Low	Low
Accelerated sea level rise (Habitat Shifting & Alteration)	-	Low	Low	-	Low	-	Low
Illegal hunting/poaching (Hunting & Collecting Terrestrial Animals)	-	-	-	Low	Low	Low	Low
Incompatible wind energy development (Renewable Energy)	-	-	-	-	Low	Low	Low
Marine shipping (Shipping Lanes)	-	Low	Low	-	-	-	Low
water and soil conservation works along the Yangtze River (Wood & Pulp Plantations)	-	Low	Low	-	-	-	Low
Altered water chemistry (Temperature Extremes)	-	Low	-	-	-	-	Low
Incompatible agriculture management (Agricultural & Forestry Effluents)	-	Low	-	-	-	-	Low
Reed havesting (Gathering Terrestrial Plants)	-	-	Low	-	-	-	Low
Threat Status for Targets and Project	Medium	High	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	High

Project Resources

Categories & Measures		Score
People
	Staff Leadership	Low
	Multidisciplinary Team	Medium
People Average		Low
Internal Resources
	Institutional Learning	Medium
	Funding	Medium
Internal Resources Average		Medium
External Resources
	Social/Legal Framework for Conservation	High
	Community and Constituency Support	Medium
External Resources Average		Medium
Overall Project Resource Rank		Medium

Assessment of Target Viability

Conservation Target	Key Attribute (Category)	Indicator	Current Indicator Measurement	Rating Comments: (Poor, Fair Good Very Good)	Current Rating and Date	Desired Rating and Date
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Primary productivity ¹ (Condition)	Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g) ²	900	Poor: <200 Fair: 200-999 Good: 1000-2000 Very Good: >2000	Fair ³ Aug 15, 2006	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Primary productivity ⁴ (Condition)	Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2) ⁵	50	Poor: <5 Fair: 5-39 Good: 40-100 Very Good: >100	Good ⁶ Aug 15, 2006	Very Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Species composition / dominance ⁷ (Condition)	Species number of macrozoobenthos ⁸	85	Poor: <40 Fair: 40-79 Good: 80-100 Very Good: >100	Good ⁹ Aug 15, 2006	Very Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Geomorphology ¹⁰ (Landscape Context)	Slope and elevation of tidal flat	1/270 degree	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Good ¹¹ Aug 15, 2006	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Hydrologic regime - (timing, duration, frequency, extent) ¹² (Landscape Context)	Duration and frequency of flooding from wind tides	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Good ¹³	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure ¹⁴ (Landscape Context)	Creek density (m/km2) ¹⁵	3200	Poor: <1000 Fair: 1000-2499 Good: 2500-5000 Very Good: >500	Good ¹⁶ Aug 15, 2006	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Soil / sediment stability & movement ¹⁷ (Landscape Context)	Annual rate of seawards accretion of estuarine (salt marsh) soil	alternative change of deposition and erosion found at the zero meter of the sea level	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ¹⁸ Aug 15, 2006	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Soil / sediment structure & chemistry ¹⁹ (Landscape Context)	salinity and pH of soil	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ²⁰	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Water chemistry ²¹ (Landscape Context)	Water quality measures in prime tributaries and surrounding waters area	Standard of IV category	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ²² Mar 15, 2008	Good
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community	Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems ²³ (Size)	Minimum dynamic area	the width of the bare flat of the intertidal flat is 800-4000 m, and the width of the Mesophytic herbaceous plants (Scirpus mariqueter) is 200 m	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ²⁴ Aug 15, 2006	Good
Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex	Species composition / dominance ²⁵ (Condition)	% of native specices/Scripus Mariqueter ²⁶	`63%	Poor: <40% Fair: 40-49% Good: 50-70% Very Good: >70%	Good ²⁷ Aug 15, 2006	Very Good
Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex	Species composition / dominance ²⁸ (Condition)	% of exotic invasive species/Spartina alterniflora ²⁹	`27%	Poor: >10% Fair: 3-10% Good: 1-3% Very Good: <1%	Poor ³⁰ Aug 15, 2006	Very Good
Migratory Shorebirds	Food resources/productivity ³¹ (Condition)	Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)	85	Poor: <5 Fair: #5-39 Good: 40-100 Very Good: >100	Good Aug 15, 2006	Good
Migratory Shorebirds	Habitat availibity ³² (Landscape Context)	Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + bare flat ³³	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Good ³⁴	Good
Migratory Shorebirds	Population size & dynamics ³⁵ (Size)	Total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving in Dongtan every year ³⁶	3500	Poor: <2500 Fair: 2500-4000 Good: 4000-5500 Very Good: >5500	Fair ³⁷ Jul 15, 2007	Good
Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks	Food resources/productivity ³⁸ (Condition)	corms of the interior region of Scipus Mariqueter Community ³⁹	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ⁴⁰	Good
Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks	Habitat availibity ⁴¹ (Landscape Context)	Area of the intertidal mudflat + aquaticulture area ⁴²	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ⁴³	Good
Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks	Population size & dynamics ⁴⁴ (Size)	Total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving in Dongtan every year ⁴⁵	25000	Poor: <10000 Fair: 10000-19999 Good: 20000-29999 Very Good: >30000	Good ⁴⁶ Jul 15, 2007	Good
Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)	Food resources/productivity ⁴⁷ (Condition)	corms of the outer region of Scripus Mariqueter Community, less than 10cm ⁴⁸	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ⁴⁹	Good
Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)	Habitat availibity (Landscape Context)	Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek ⁵⁰	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair ⁵¹	Good
Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)	Population size & dynamics ⁵² (Size)	The highest abundance of Hooded Crane arriving in Dongtan every year ⁵³	120	Poor: <80 Fair: 80-110 Good: 110-140 Very Good: >140	Good ⁵⁴ Jul 15, 2007	Good
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)	Food resources/productivity ⁵⁵ (Condition)	Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g) ⁵⁶	900	Poor: <200 Fair: 200-999 Good: 1000-1999 Very Good: >2000	Fair ⁵⁷ Aug 15, 2006	Good
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)	Habitat availibity ⁵⁸ (Landscape Context)	Healthy aquaculture area ⁵⁹	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Poor ⁶⁰	Good
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)	Population size & dynamics ⁶¹ (Size)	Total abundance of Spoonbills arriving in Dongtan every year ⁶²	12	Poor: <5 Fair: 5-10 Good: 10-15 Very Good: >15	Good ⁶³ Jul 15, 2007	Very Good

COMMENTS:

¹ Biomass: the total weight of the fish catches that was collected by fyke net (mouth area 1m2) at half tide period. The catches: It denoted the total catches of fish assemblages that entered into tidal creek of intertidal flats at flooding tide.

² investigation in 2006-2007 and accumulated data analysis Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

³ investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

⁴ Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2), the total biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2) of Dongtan. It denotes the number of food resource for shorebirds.

⁵ investigation in 2006-2007 and accumulated data analysis Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁶ investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

⁷ Species number of macrozoobenthos, the total species number of macrozoobenthos of Dongtan

⁸ investigation in 2006-2007 and accumulated data analysis Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁹ investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

¹⁰ Sands and sediments from the Yangtze River make Chongming Dongtan in dynamic deposition and growing condition. Elevation of the tidal flat is related to submerged degree, wind wave spectrum, soil condition and microgeomorphy which will directly impact the living condition of salt marsh plants. It is reported by Sun Shuquan (2001) that biomass of Scripus Mariqueter differently distributes along the elevation gradient. From the lower to higher elevation gradient, the biomass proportion of Scripus Mariqueter's corm and root decreases.

¹¹ General information of Chongming Dongtan Wetlands Confidence of the current rating: Medium

¹² Duration and frequency of flooding from wind tides could explain the salinity of tidal flat, the connection with the wave tide, which affect the ecological environment for plant community, fish and benthos of the tidal flat. Estuarine salt marshes are with highly heterogeneous environment. Under the influence of disciplinary tide, a series of environment factors will show a certain disciplinary change along the elevation gradient, including salinity, duration and frequency of flooding, nutrient efficiency, size grade of soil, dissolved oxygen, pH, and the electric bit of oxidation and deoxidize, etc. however, except for tide, transpiration, precipitation and other climate factors, and biological effect, the environmental factors will also be impacted by hydrology and topography.

¹³ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

¹⁴ Tidal creeks play very important roles in the maintenance of nekton biodiversity and the transport of nutrients and materials in coastal ecosystems. Creeks in intertidal flats also increase the exposure possibility for the roots of Scripus mariqueter community that increases more food supply for shorebirds and waterfowls.

¹⁵ investigation in 2006 and accumulated data analysis Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

¹⁶ investigation in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

¹⁷ Chongming Dongtan has steady trend of natural deposition and extension, and annual rate of accretion is 260.5 ha/a since 1990. From spatial distribution, the south part of Chongming Dongtan is in the trend of erosion, and the north part had been in the trend of deposition and extension, but currently it is in stable static condition. The main deposition and extension happens in southeast part, and its furthest point has moved forward to East China Sea 4050 m since 1990, and annual velocity is 270 m/a

¹⁸ change of deposition and extention at the zero meter of the sea leve Confidence of the current rating: Medium

¹⁹ Scripus Mariqueter is sensitive to pH value of soil. When the pH increases, the biomass of Scripus Mariqueter and the height will decrease, while the proportion of proliferous plants will increase. But there still need more study on the mechanism of pH's influence.

²⁰ 2006-2007 monitoring report of chongming dongtan Confidence of the current rating: Medium

²¹ Water sampling results in prime tributaries and surrounding waters area for phosphorus, BOD, COD, pH, and conductivity. Every year, about 45.2 percent of national wastewater and 35.7 percent of domestic sewage are dumped in the Yangtze River. The river mouth area is the final destination of the river, and what people activities along the river will finally affect the environment of the river mouth area. Recently, the nutrient salt in seawater and contents of pollution strongly increase due to much pollution dumped into the sea with the increased usage of pesticide, and fertilizer and the acceleration of industrialization and civilization process. Water quality of the estuarine area of the Yangtze River and its surrounding area are rapidly deteriorating. Now the water outside the river mouth has reached or exceeded the standards of category 4. And the water almost degrades one category every five years. The river mouth of the Yangtze River and its surrounding waters area have become the biggest water deteriorating area and eutrophication high frequency area.

²² Chen Jiyu <Change of ecological environment at river mouth of the Yangtze River and suggestions for the estuarine management > Confidence of the current rating: Medium

²³ Chongming Dongtan is in dynamic change of deposition and extension due to its special location at the river mouth of the Yangtze River. But due to the change of the sediments and sands from the Yangtze River and wetlands reclamation for agriculture and land uses, some area of tidal flat has been changed into terrestrial land. And the high tidal flat of Chongming Dongtan has lost its relation with tide.

²⁴ the zones division of the Chongming Dongtan of the Master Plan Confidence of the current rating: Medium

²⁵ it dedicates the area of the Scripus Mariqueter zone, which is the important habitat for the protected bird populations.

²⁶ Based on a project of control and removal of Spartina Alterniflora and restoration of coastal wetland for the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve, which has been approved by the Shanghai municipal government. (Zhang Liquan 2007) Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

²⁷ Based on a project of control and removal of Spartina Alterniflora and restoration of coastal wetland for the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve, which has been approved by the Shanghai municipal government. (Zhang Liquan 2007) Confidence of the current rating: High

²⁸ The fast expansion of Spartina alterniflora not only poses a sever threat to the native plants Scripus Mariquete at the Yangtze River Estuary, but also has great negative impacts on the benthos and waterbirds that habitat on the Scripus Mariqueter community.

²⁹ Based on a project of control and removal of Spartina Alterniflora and restoration of coastal wetland for the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve, which has been approved by the Shanghai municipal government. (Zhang Liquan 2007) Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

³⁰ Based on a project of control and removal of Spartina Alterniflora and restoration of coastal wetland for the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve, which has been approved by the Shanghai municipal government. (Zhang Liquan 2007) Confidence of the current rating: High

³¹ Snail, seashell and carapace and other benthos are main food for shorebirds, and some plants are also included.

³² the availibity of Scipus Mariqueter Community and the bare flat area are favoriate habitats for migratory shorebirds staying in Chongming Dongtan.

³³ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

³⁴ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

³⁵ the total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving Dongtan every year is based on the average abundance of 7 synchronous surveys organized every Spring and Autumn by the Dongtan Management Bureau. Changes in shorebird abundance could reflect changes in habitat quality of mudflat wetlands.

³⁶ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

³⁷ 7 synchronous surveys organized by the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

³⁸ the roots of Scripus Mariqueter Community are main food for Geese and Ducks when they staying in Chongming Dongtan every winter.

³⁹ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁴⁰ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

⁴¹ the intertidal mudflat and the aquaticulture area are very important habitas for waterfowls staying in Chongming Dongtan.

⁴² Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁴³ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

⁴⁴ The total abundance of waterfowls arriving in Dongtan every year (Winter) is based on the average abundance of 3 synchronous surveys organized every winter by Dongtan Management Bureau Changes in the waterfowl abundance could reflect changes in habitat quality of mudflat wetlands.

⁴⁵ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁴⁶ The survey data from the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

⁴⁷ the roots and corms of the Scripus Mariqueter Community are very important food for Hooded Crane staying in Dongtan every winter. They provide 90% food for Hooded Crane. They feed on the corms of the sea-bulrush that are washed off by thide water, which the embeded depth of the corms is less than 10cm.

⁴⁸ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁴⁹ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

⁵⁰ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁵¹ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

⁵² The highest abundance of Hooded Crane arriving in Dongtan every year is recorded every winter by the Dongtan Management Bureau. This abundance reflects the capacity of Dongtan for Hooded Cranes.

⁵³ recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁵⁴ recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

⁵⁵ Fish and benthos are important food for Spoonbill when they staying in Dongtan. In spring and autumn, they stay in tidal flat and in summer and winter, they just stay in aquaculture ponds for staying. It indicates that the aquaculture ponds are important area for them. Mostly they feed in the tidal flat, and have rest in the aquaculture ponds.

⁵⁶ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: Medium

⁵⁷ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

⁵⁸ the aquaculture are very important habitats for spoonbill whey they staying in Dongtan.

⁵⁹ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: Medium

⁶⁰ Confidence of the current rating: Medium

⁶¹ Average abundance of spoonbills recorded in 7 synchronous surveys organized every spring and winter by Dongtan Management Bureau. It is an average abundance due to great fluctuates during migratory season.

⁶² Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁶³ recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives, Strategic Actions and Action Steps

Show all:
Strategic Action Measures
Action Steps Measures
Comments

Objective: By 2012, combing with the development of model nature reserve promoted by SFA, work with partners to promote scientific and modern reserve of estuarine kind

Objective: By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan

Strategic Action: Implement habitat enhancements, fish ponds restoration and control, prevent hunting acitivities and regular patrols of conservation area to protect migratory birds staying and feeding of Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Work with communities to develop alternative livelihood for surrounding villagers except for grazing and fishing
- Action Step: Work with communities to develop cattle management regulation that will limit cattle number and grazing area
- Action Step: Regularly eliminate fishing nettings installed in Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Enforce patrol of the conservation area to prevent poaching and hunting of waterfowls
- Action Step: Do public education at rent fish ponds and crab ponds for proper aquaculture activities during migratory seasons and overfishing impacts on conservation targets
- Action Step: Develop and complet the plan for resources management and development in the conservation area include timing, area, personnel limitation, development limitation, activities explaination, etc
- Action Step: Develop alternative plan of fish ponds habitats that will provide necessary habitats for spoonbill once the rent fish ponds desolated
- Action Step: Work with landowners of fish ponds and crab ponds to discuss the lease and development of the fish ponds and crab ponds
- Action Step: Work with partners to make a guide for managers and villagers to give development instructions for resources collecting and harvest in the conservation area.
- Action Step: Work with partners to optimize the habitats for birds staying in Chongming Dongtan

Objective: By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area

Strategic Action: Set up dynamic management system within the conservation area that will effectively readjust management plan according to seasonal and environmental change (measures info)

Progress Updated Comments

Planned - -
- Action Step: Promote and implete research on priority habitats change with the impact of sediment change, climate change, and ecological process of the estuarine ecosystem
- Action Step: Provide suggestions for resources utility and development within the conservation area like grazing, reed harvest, benthos collection and fishing to give detailed explaination for human activities including colletion time, area and amount, and personnel limitation, etc
- Action Step: Promote and implete research on sea level change and climate change on estuarine ecosystem of Chongming Dongtan that will give scenarios for possible change of the Chongming Dongtan in the future
- Action Step: Develop and implete the dynamic management system combining priority habitats change, habitats selection and climate change that will be used as basic management system for the conservation area.
- Action Step: Promote and implete research on habitats selection of migratory birds of Chongming Dongtan that will provide habitats assessment for management
Strategic Action: Secure zoning, land use policies within the conservation area that will protect conservation targets and their priority habitat (measures info)

Progress Updated Comments

Completed - -
- Action Step: Provide suggestions to local development of wind power, road constructions and other obstacles to migratory birds
- Action Step: Develop and implement the master plan of the reserve that provides clear extent of the conservation area with the basis of the revised zonging plan.
- Action Step: Review current zoning plans to assess their effectiveness ensuring habitats conservation for migratory bird and estuarine systems from the impacts of incompatible development
- Action Step: Work with partners to condisider the conservation targets in their relative plan activities like resort plan along/near the conservation area.
- Action Step: Work with partners to develop and implement tourism plan

Progress	Updated	Comments
Planned	-	-

Progress	Updated	Comments
Completed	-	-

Objective: By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.

Strategic Action: Develop reserve and island policies that will determine ecologically sound detection and prevention measures to prohibit the introduction and the spread of new invasive species (measures info)

Progress Updated Comments

Minor Issues - -
- Action Step: Do public education with local management officers, land owners and developers
- Action Step: Develop the use of native vegetation in landscaping and gardening, and meanwhile limit introduction of invasive non-native plants.
- Action Step: Develop the regulation of invasive species introduction into the nature reserve
- Action Step: Work with government departments and institutes to update invasive, non-native species list on Chongming Island

Progress	Updated	Comments
Minor Issues	-	-

Objective: By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Strategic Action: Design and implement program of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter on degraded area/original Spartina alterniflora area
- Action Step: Promote the study focused on Phragmites australis effective conservation through ecological process/environment control
- Action Step: Work with institutes to develop restoration and management of native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter

Objective: work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Strategic Action: Develop fish and benthos management policies and practice to be compatible with breeding and productivity
- Action Step: Strenghten routine management and prevent overfishing of benthos and fishes of the conservation area
- Action Step: Make the standard on minimum harvest of aquatic production of tidal flat area
- Action Step: Enhance patrol of aquaculture collection activities and public education for overfishing impact of conservation targets
- Action Step: Develop long-term monitoring and study of macrozoonbenthos resources of Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Develop and implete aquaculture of the commercially important macrozoonbenthos
Strategic Action: Develop water management policies and practices to be compatible with ecological needs of conservation targets
- Action Step: Work with departments to develop/modify water quality management around the conservation area that incorporate water quality neends into estuarine ecosystem including the Yangtze River water quality and inflows water quality that flow into the river mouth area.
- Action Step: Set up monitoring sites for water quality of inlows and outflows, and gradually perfect monitoring indicators and database for water quality
- Action Step: Promote indicators monitoring of water chemistry to make long-term monitoring preparation ofr impact of climate change
- Action Step: Do pulic education of marine shipping and tourism shipping at the river mouth area on water quality conservation
- Action Step: Do education for the impact of water quality on conservation targets and estuarine ecosystem of Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Work with institutes and parnters to make agriculture practice policies on water quality released into the river mouth area
Strategic Action: Provide sediment management poclicies and practices to be compatible with the ecological needs of estuarine ecosystem of Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Work with departments and partners to make watershed management plan including estuarine ecosystem needs of Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Work with departments along the Yangtze River to incorportate the sediment needs of estuarine ecosystem of Chongming Dongtan
- Action Step: Support research on sediment impact on estuarine ecosystem and conservation activities
- Action Step: Setting up monitoring sites for recording sediment transfers, and gradually set up sediment database for long-term research and monitoring

Objective: work with partners along the flyway to enhance cooperation and communication on migratory birds conservation and management

Strategic Action: Work with partners together to monitor and prevent bird flu
- Action Step: Enhance patrol of bird flu, especially during migratory seasons
- Action Step: Develop pre-warning system of bird flu
Strategic Action: Develop the flyway network to protect and conserve the birds along the migratory path in he Asia-Pacific (measures info)

Progress Updated Comments

Planned - -
- Action Step: Promote the study on climate change and birds conservation to provide conservation strategies along the flyway
- Action Step: Promote the communication and collaboration of bird banding working and monitoring along the flyway
- Action Step: Promote the collaboration of the assessment on wintering and staying habitats along the flyway and current conservation needs
- Action Step: Promote research on habitats and flying route selection and change along the flyway to promote understanding of migratory behaviors
- Action Step: Initiate and develop a multi-site effort along the flyway to promote and complete management cooperation on habitats and abundance conservation of migratory birds
- Action Step: Develop cooperation mechanism on birds conservation along the flyway to promote periodic meetings, investations and communications
- Action Step: Work with partners to develop synchronous birds investigation along the flyway

Progress	Updated	Comments
Planned	-	-

Strategy Effectiveness

Show all:
Comments
Objective Measures
Indicator Methods
Indicator Measures
Progress Reports

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: By 2012, combing with the development of model nature reserve promoted by SFA, work with partners to promote scientific and modern reserve of estuarine kind

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan

Indicator: % of exotic invasive species/Spartina alterniflora

(methods) (measurement report) (progress report)

Indicator: % of native specices/Scripus Mariqueter

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + bare flat

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of the intertidal mudflat + aquaticulture area

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g)

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
900	Aug 15, 2006		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified

(measurement report)

Indicator: corms of the interior region of Scipus Mariqueter Community

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: corms of the outer region of Scripus Mariqueter Community, less than 10cm

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Healthy aquaculture area

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Species number of macrozoobenthos

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

(methods) (measurement report)

Indicator: The highest abundance of Hooded Crane arriving in Dongtan every year

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
120	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

(measurement report)

Indicator: Total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving in Dongtan every year

(measurement report)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Target: Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
25000	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	The survey data from the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
3500	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	7 synchronous surveys organized by the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Indicator: Total abundance of Spoonbills arriving in Dongtan every year

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
12	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

(measurement report)

Percent Complete: 40%

Objective: By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area

(Measures Info)

%Met	Date Updated	Comments
40	Aug 15, 2007	the zoning research report had been completed in 2007. and the revised master plan that based on the zoning research report had been completed and provided to the reserve on August 2009

Indicator: % of exotic invasive species/Spartina alterniflora

(methods) (measurement report) (progress report)

Indicator: % of native specices/Scripus Mariqueter

(measurement report)

Indicator: Annual rate of seawards accretion of estuarine (salt marsh) soil

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
alternative change of deposition and erosion found at the zero meter of the sea level	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	change of deposition and extention at the zero meter of the sea leve Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + bare flat

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of the intertidal mudflat + aquaticulture area

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g)

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
900	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)

(measurement report)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Condition, KEA: Food resources/productivity
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified
Target: Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community, Category: Condition, KEA: Primary productivity
50	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

Indicator: corms of the interior region of Scipus Mariqueter Community

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: corms of the outer region of Scripus Mariqueter Community, less than 10cm

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-		Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Creek density (m/km2)

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
3200	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	investigation in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

(measurement report)

Indicator: Duration and frequency of flooding from wind tides

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
	-	Rough Guess	Not Specified	Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Minimum dynamic area

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
the width of the bare flat of the intertidal flat is 800-4000 m, and the width of the Mesophytic herbaceous plants (Scirpus mariqueter) is 200 m	Aug 15, 2006	Rough Guess	Not Specified	the zones division of the Chongming Dongtan of the Master Plan Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(measurement report)

Indicator: Slope and elevation of tidal flat

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
1/270 degree	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	General information of Chongming Dongtan Wetlands Confidence of the current rating: Medium

(methods) (measurement report)

Indicator: Species number of macrozoobenthos

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

(methods) (measurement report)

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.

Indicator: % of exotic invasive species/Spartina alterniflora

(methods) (measurement report) (progress report)

Indicator: % of native specices/Scripus Mariqueter

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + bare flat

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)

(measurement report)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Condition, KEA: Food resources/productivity
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified
Target: Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community, Category: Condition, KEA: Primary productivity
50	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

Indicator: corms of the interior region of Scipus Mariqueter Community

(measurement report)

Indicator: corms of the outer region of Scripus Mariqueter Community, less than 10cm

(measurement report)

Indicator: Species number of macrozoobenthos

(methods) (measurement report)

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Indicator: % of exotic invasive species/Spartina alterniflora

(methods) (measurement report) (progress report)

Indicator: % of native specices/Scripus Mariqueter

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + bare flat

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of the intertidal mudflat + aquaticulture area

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g)

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)

(measurement report)

Indicator: corms of the interior region of Scipus Mariqueter Community

(measurement report)

Indicator: corms of the outer region of Scripus Mariqueter Community, less than 10cm

(measurement report)

Indicator: Minimum dynamic area

(measurement report)

Indicator: Species number of macrozoobenthos

(methods) (measurement report)

Indicator: Total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving in Dongtan every year

(measurement report)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Target: Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
25000	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	The survey data from the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
3500	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	7 synchronous surveys organized by the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Indicator: Total abundance of Spoonbills arriving in Dongtan every year

(measurement report)

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Indicator: Annual rate of seawards accretion of estuarine (salt marsh) soil

(measurement report)

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g)

(measurement report)

Indicator: Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)

(measurement report)

Indicator: Creek density (m/km2)

(measurement report)

Indicator: Duration and frequency of flooding from wind tides

(measurement report)

Indicator: Minimum dynamic area

(measurement report)

Indicator: salinity and pH of soil

(measurement report)

Indicator: Slope and elevation of tidal flat

(methods) (measurement report)

Indicator: Water quality measures in prime tributaries and surrounding waters area

(measurement report)

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: work with partners along the flyway to enhance cooperation and communication on migratory birds conservation and management

Indicator: The highest abundance of Hooded Crane arriving in Dongtan every year

(measurement report)

Indicator: Total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving in Dongtan every year

(measurement report)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Target: Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
25000	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	The survey data from the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
3500	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	Not Specified	7 synchronous surveys organized by the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Indicator: Total abundance of Spoonbills arriving in Dongtan every year

(measurement report)

All Monitoring Indicators

Show all:
Methods
Measurement Report
Progress Reports
Objectives
Target KEA Refs
Target Threat Refs
Other Refs

Indicator: % of exotic invasive species/Spartina alterniflora
(measurement report) (progress report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
`27%	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Mild Increase	Based on a project of control and removal of Spartina Alterniflora and restoration of coastal wetland for the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve, which has been approved by the Shanghai municipal government. (Zhang Liquan 2007) Confidence of the current rating: High

Progress Report:

Progress	Updated	Comment
Planned

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex
- Condition: Species composition / dominance

Indicator: % of native specices/Scripus Mariqueter
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
`63%	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	Mild Decrease	Based on a project of control and removal of Spartina Alterniflora and restoration of coastal wetland for the Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve, which has been approved by the Shanghai municipal government. (Zhang Liquan 2007) Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Dongtan Salt Marsh Complex
- Condition: Species composition / dominance

Indicator: Annual rate of seawards accretion of estuarine (salt marsh) soil
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
alternative change of deposition and erosion found at the zero meter of the sea level	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge		change of deposition and extention at the zero meter of the sea leve Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Landscape Context: Soil / sediment stability & movement

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + bare flat
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Expert Knowledge		Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Migratory Shorebirds
- Landscape Context: Habitat availibity

Indicator: Area of Scripus Mariqueter Community + tidal creek
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
- Landscape Context: Habitat availibity

Indicator: Area of the intertidal mudflat + aquaticulture area
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks
- Landscape Context: Habitat availibity

Indicator: Biomass of Fish of tidal creek (CDUE,g)
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Comments
Target: Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor), Category: Condition, KEA: Food resources/productivity
900	Aug 15, 2006		Confidence of the current rating: Medium
Target: Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community, Category: Condition, KEA: Primary productivity
900	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
- Condition: Food resources/productivity
Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Condition: Primary productivity

Indicator: Biomass of macrozoobenthos (g/m2)
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Comments
Target: Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community, Category: Condition, KEA: Primary productivity
50	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge	investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Condition, KEA: Food resources/productivity
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Condition: Primary productivity
Migratory Shorebirds
- Condition: Food resources/productivity

Indicator: corms of the interior region of Scipus Mariqueter Community
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks
- Condition: Food resources/productivity

Indicator: corms of the outer region of Scripus Mariqueter Community, less than 10cm
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
- Condition: Food resources/productivity

Indicator: Creek density (m/km2)
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
3200	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge		investigation in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Landscape Context: Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure

Indicator: Duration and frequency of flooding from wind tides
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess		Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Landscape Context: Hydrologic regime - (timing, duration, frequency, extent)

Indicator: Healthy aquaculture area
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan

Key Attribute

Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
- Landscape Context: Habitat availibity

Indicator: Minimum dynamic area
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
the width of the bare flat of the intertidal flat is 800-4000 m, and the width of the Mesophytic herbaceous plants (Scirpus mariqueter) is 200 m	Aug 15, 2006	Rough Guess		the zones division of the Chongming Dongtan of the Master Plan Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Size: Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems

Indicator: salinity and pH of soil
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess		2006-2007 monitoring report of chongming dongtan Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Landscape Context: Soil / sediment structure & chemistry

Indicator: Slope and elevation of tidal flat
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
1/270 degree	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge		General information of Chongming Dongtan Wetlands Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Landscape Context: Geomorphology

Indicator: Species number of macrozoobenthos
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
85	Aug 15, 2006	Expert Knowledge		investigation in 2006-2007 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, implement and conduct effective land management throught the conservation area
By 2012, reduce the percent cover of Spartina. alterniflora to less than 5% throughout the tidal flat.
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Condition: Species composition / dominance

Indicator: The highest abundance of Hooded Crane arriving in Dongtan every year
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
120	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge		recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
work with partners along the flyway to enhance cooperation and communication on migratory birds conservation and management

Key Attribute

Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
- Size: Population size & dynamics

Indicator: Total abundance of Migratory Shorebirds arriving in Dongtan every year
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Comments
Target: Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
25000	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	The survey data from the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High
Target: Migratory Shorebirds, Category: Size, KEA: Population size & dynamics
3500	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge	7 synchronous surveys organized by the Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with partners along the flyway to enhance cooperation and communication on migratory birds conservation and management

Key Attribute

Migratory Shorebirds
- Size: Population size & dynamics
Migratory Waterfowls/ Geese and Ducks
- Size: Population size & dynamics

Indicator: Total abundance of Spoonbills arriving in Dongtan every year
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
12	Jul 15, 2007	Expert Knowledge		recorded data by Dongtan Management Bureau in 2006 Confidence of the current rating: High

Objectives:

By 2012, enhance migratory bird staying habitats of Chongming Dongtan
By 2012, restore the native communities of Phragmites australis and Scripus Mariqueter to maintain biodiversity of the conservation area
work with partners along the flyway to enhance cooperation and communication on migratory birds conservation and management

Key Attribute

Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor)
- Size: Population size & dynamics

Indicator: Water quality measures in prime tributaries and surrounding waters area
(measurement report) (objectives) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Standard of IV category	Mar 15, 2008	Expert Knowledge		Chen Jiyu <Change of ecological environment at river mouth of the Yangtze River and suggestions for the estuarine management > Confidence of the current rating: Medium

Objectives:

work with all partners to enhance estuarine ecosystem conservation and management

Key Attribute

Dongtan Intertidal Flat Community
- Landscape Context: Water chemistry

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Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Conservation Action Plan (ID: 1395)

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