ConPro — Central Appalachian Forest IL Plan

Project Info

Contact Name:
Judy Dunscomb

Contact the project owner using:
Contact project owner.

ConPro's Form Emailer

Data Effective Date:
June 15, 2009

Sharing Status:
This project may be shared outside of
The Nature Conservancy.

Go To ·Objectives
·Targets
·Threats
·Strategies

Operational Unit(s):

Maryland/DC
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia

Ecoregion(s):

Tennessee
Teays - Old Ohio
Cumberlands And Southern Ridge And Valley
Southern Blue Ridge
Central Appalachian Forest

Country(ies):

United States of America

Project Description:
Participated in the 2009 Climate Clinic.

Objectives

Back to Top

Name
By 2060, ensure that each forest matrix block in the High Allegheny and Central Appalachian Integrated Landscapes experience no net loss of core forest over 2010 levels.
Maintain the spectrum of variability of available environmental settings within each major river drainage in the Appalachian landscape, and keep our mix of species pretty close to what is now.
Through 2050, ensure that 80% of portfolio areas currently supporting small patch endemic species and communities in the Central Appalachians are dominated by native species.
Through 2050, ensure that 80% of portfolio areas currently supporting small patch endemic species and communities in the Central Appalachians are protected as intact habitats embedded within larger landscapes.
Through 2060, retain forest cover among core forest areas in the Central Appalachian Landscape to maintain large scale ecological processes including watershed hydrology and plant and wildlife dispersal.

Targets

Back to Top

Focal Conservation Target	Target Type	Habitat Type
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest (more info) Description: According to the 2001 Central Appalachian Ecoregional plan, matrix forests in the CAP-IL include 8 terrestrial forest types and their various successional stages. The minimum size for these sites is 15,000 acres which is based on the size necessary for an occurrence to absorb and recover from characteristic, large, infrequent disturbances (e.g., tornadoes, fire, insect outbreaks) and to maximize the probability that the occurrence retains and maintains a full complement of all its associated fauna with multiple breeding populations. This includes forest dwelling birds, soil insect fauna, various herptiles and mammals. The forests of the CAP-IL vary across gradients of moisture, elevation, aspect, geology, and latitude. Forest types include: dry oak and oak-pine forests dominated by white and black oaks, hickory, and Virginia, Table mountain, and pitch pine, northern hardwoods such as red oak, birch, beech, maple, hemlock and white pine, and extensive areas of red spruce sometimes associated with balsam fir occur along the highest elevation areas in West Virginia and Virginia. In addition, the cove hardwood forests occur in sheltered coves and north facing slopes and are the most diverse temperate forests on Earth. American chestnut was once a dominated ridgetop and mid-slope forests, but is now nearly absent from the Central Appalachian landscape.	Ecological System	Forest :: Temperate
Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams (more info) Description: Headwater and other streams of size 1 (0-30 square miles), 2 (30 - 200 square miles), and 3 (200 - 1,000 square miles). The streams of the CAP-IL have a high degree of diversity and endemism across most freshwater faunal groups in both warm and cold water stream settings . The Teays- Ohio and Tennessee freshwater ecoregions are the two most diverse ecoregions in this freshwater realm and represent a global center of diversity for freshwater mollusks, fish, crayfish and other invertebrates. The Clinch River, part of the Tennessee system, ranks as the U.S.' top small watershed area for its number of imperiled mussel and fish species. In addition, the streams provide habitat for populations of other significant species such as brook trout.	Ecological System	Rivers, Streams, Creeks :: Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks :: Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular
Central Appalachian Mainstem Rivers (more info) Description: Size 4 freshwater systems, i.e., major rivers with drainage basins larger than 1,000 square miles. The larger rivers of the CAP-IL fall withing the Teays- Ohio, Tennessee, Chesapeake, and North Atlantic freshwater ecoregions	Ecological System	Rivers, Streams, Creeks :: Permanent
Central Appalachian Cave and Karst Systems (more info) Description: The dissolution of carbonate rocks has created thousands of caves across the IL - some in the Virginias with tens of miles of passages. Many of these provide habitat to a variety of highly specialized and obligatory subterranean invertebrate species including amphipods and isopods. In some cases, their global distribution may be limited to one cave system found within the CAP-IL. The Central Appalachians are recognized as a global center of karst endemism, with Lee County in Virginia and Greenbrier Valley in West Virginia supporting some of the richest karst faunas known on Earth. There are numerous sinkholes, epikarst zones (the "interstitial" zone between soil and rock in a karst where numerous insects live), springs, underground streams/aquifers, and intermittent streams. Approximately five new cave invertebrate species are discovered and described in the CAP-IL area annually. Also associated with the karst target are numerous mammals, particularly bats (some globally imperiled), that use caves as either nurseries or hibernacula. Some caves support 100,000 or more bats in a hibernacula, perhaps the largest mammal concentrations in the EUSCR. In many cases, the karst areas are significant hydrologic linkages with surface rivers and streams and provide critical base flow and pH moderation.	Ecological System	Karst and Other Subterranean Inland Aquatic Systems
Central Appalachian Small Patch Endemic Communities (more info) Description: The high level of environmental variation within the Central Appalachians (elevational, geological, topographical, and climatological) combined with a lack of glaciation are why the Central Appalachians and Southern Appalachians (Cumberland/CSRV and Southern Blue Ridge ecoregions) are the most diverse ecoregions for this terrestrial realm. A notable portion of that diversity is represented by endemism among plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Indeed, these ecoregions are the global center of diversity for terrestrial groups such as lungless salamanders, land snails, and temperate deciduous trees. Most of the endemics, even some with relatively small ranges, are common or at least secure. But many are quite rare and highly globally ranked. These species can be conserved only here. The CAP-IL also contains many examples of small patch communities that are globally significant. These communities include barrens, glades, isolated summits, wetlands or other small diverse areas generally smaller than 1,000 acres which are typically influenced by a small set of biotic or abiotic processes, e.g., fire or limited drainage systems, which control or otherwise limit their spatial extent. Areas containing small patch communities and clusters of globally rare endemics often occur within matrix forest blocks.	Ecological System	Forest :: Temperate Savanna :: Dry Grassland :: Temperate Inland Rocky Areas Wetlands :: Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands

Threats

Back to Top

Threat (Common Taxonomy) ^*	Targets Threatened
Increased Air Temperature (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Temperature Extremes )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
Increased number of days without precipitation (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Droughts )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
Acid Deposition (Pollution :: Air-Borne Pollutants )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
Commercial Wind Facilities (Energy Production & Mining :: Renewable Energy )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Fire exclusion (Natural System Modifications :: Fire & Fire Suppression )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Increased frequency of small to moderate storm events (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Storms & Flooding )	Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
Increased Water Temperature (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Temperature Extremes )	Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
Invasive Forest Pests and Pathogens (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Residential Development (Residential & Commercial Development :: Housing & Urban Areas )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Coal mining (strip and MTR) (Energy Production & Mining :: Mining & Quarrying )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
Deer Overbrowse (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Problematic Native Species )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Incompatible Forestry Practices (Biological Resource Use :: Logging & Wood Harvesting )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Increased CO2 Concentration (Pollution :: Air-Borne Pollutants )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Invasive plant species (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Transmission Corridors (e.g. power lines and natural gas pipelines) (Transportation & Service Corridors :: Utility & Service Lines )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
Biofuels (Energy Production & Mining :: Renewable Energy )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
New transportation corridors (Transportation & Service Corridors :: Roads & Railroads )	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest

^* For information on the common taxonomy of threats, see http://conservationmeasures.org/CMP/IUCN/.

Strategies

Back to Top

No strategies found for this project.

Viability Summary

Conservation Targets		Landscape Context		Condition		Size		Viability Rank
Conservation Targets		Grade	Weight	Grade	Weight	Grade	Weight	Viability Rank
1	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Fair	1.0	Poor	1.0	Good	1.0	Fair
2	Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Good	1.0	Good	1.0	-	1.0	Good
3	Central Appalachian Mainstem Rivers	-	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	-
4	Central Appalachian Cave and Karst Systems	-	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	-
5	Central Appalachian Small Patch Endemic Communities	-	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	-
Project Biodiversity Health Rank								Good

Threat Summary

Project-specific Threats (Common Taxonomy *)	Central Appalachian Cave and Karst Systems	Central Appalachian Mainstem Rivers	Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Central Appalachian Small Patch Endemic Communities	Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Overall Threat Rank
Increased Air Temperature (Temperature Extremes)	-	-	Very High	-	High	High
Increased number of days without precipitation (Droughts)	-	-	Very High	-	High	High
Acid Deposition (Air-Borne Pollutants)	-	-	Medium	-	High	Medium
Commercial Wind Facilities (Renewable Energy)	-	-	High	-	-	Medium
Fire exclusion (Fire & Fire Suppression)	-	-	High	-	-	Medium
Increased frequency of small to moderate storm events (Storms & Flooding )	-	-	-	-	High	Medium
Increased Water Temperature (Temperature Extremes)	-	-	-	-	High	Medium
Invasive Forest Pests and Pathogens (Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species)	-	-	High	-	-	Medium
Residential Development (Housing & Urban Areas)	-	-	High	-	-	Medium
Coal mining (strip and MTR) (Mining & Quarrying)	-	-	Medium	-	Medium	Medium
Deer Overbrowse (Problematic Native Species)	-	-	Medium	-	-	Low
Incompatible Forestry Practices (Logging & Wood Harvesting)	-	-	Medium	-	-	Low
Increased CO2 Concentration (Air-Borne Pollutants)	-	-	Medium	-	-	Low
Invasive plant species (Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species)	-	-	Medium	-	-	Low
Transmission Corridors (e.g. power lines and natural gas pipelines) (Utility & Service Lines)	-	-	Medium	-	-	Low
Biofuels (Renewable Energy)	-	-	Low	-	-	Low
New transportation corridors (Roads & Railroads)	-	-	Low	-	-	Low
Threat Status for Targets and Project	-	-	Very High	-	High	Very High

Project Resources

Categories & Measures		Score
People
	Staff Leadership	Very High
	Multidisciplinary Team	Very High
People Average		Very High
Internal Resources
	Institutional Learning	Very High
	Funding	High
Internal Resources Average		Very High
External Resources
	Social/Legal Framework for Conservation	Very High
	Community and Constituency Support	Very High
External Resources Average		Very High
Overall Project Resource Rank		Very High

Assessment of Target Viability

Conservation Target	Key Attribute (Category)	Indicator	Current Indicator Measurement	Rating Comments: (Poor, Fair Good Very Good)	Current Rating and Date	Desired Rating and Date
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Biological legacies ¹ (Condition)	Woody debris/fallen logs (#(volume-cuft)/acre >4" butt) + snag density (#/acre(BA) >4" diameter dbh)	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Population structure & recruitment ² (Condition)	Adequate understory regeneration of native tree species for stands in late-MS and LSOG successional stages (live tree density(BA) - #trees(BA) >4"dbh/acre)	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Species composition / dominance ³ (Condition)	Percent of native historic forest community types represented in forest blocks ⁴	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Species composition / dominance ⁵ (Condition)	Percent Oak in Overstory ⁶	-	Poor: - Fair: <70% Good: > 70%? Very Good: -	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Successional dynamics ⁷ (Condition)	Number of cohorts and/or presence of uneven aged vertical structure within late-MS and LSOG stands ⁸	-	Poor: 1 cohort Fair: 2 cohorts Good: 3-4 cohorts Very Good: at least 4 or more cohorts	Poor	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Connectivity among communities & ecosystems ⁹ (Landscape Context)	Score for connectivity as determined by graph theory analysis, FRAGSTATS metric TBD, or other analysis ¹⁰	-	Poor: - Fair: < X score means the forest block is a "sink" and is isolated from other blocks Good: > X score means forest block is a "source" and is connected to more than one other block Very Good: -	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure ¹¹ (Landscape Context)	Frequency, pattern and extent of disturbances ¹²	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: Major: 75-100yrs Minor: 3-8yrs	Fair ¹³	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Soil / sediment structure & chemistry ¹⁴ (Landscape Context)	Base saturation of ridge top soils	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems (Size)	Total acreage of Forest Matrix Blocks as currently defined in ecoregional portfolio	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Good	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems (Size)	% of focal matrix blocks with adequate core/buffer forested conditions.	-	Poor: <50% Fair: 0.65 Good: 0.8 Very Good: 1	Fair	Good
Central Appalachian Matrix Forest	Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems ¹⁵ (Size)	% of forest matrix block area greater than 300m* from nearest "edge"	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Good	Good
Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Species composition / dominance ¹⁶ (Condition)	% of streams showing a shift in a composite metric of temperature sensitive species.	-	Poor: Many streams show a shift in composite metric. Fair: Some streams show a shift in composite metric. Good: Few streams show a shift in composite metric. Very Good: No streams show a shift in composite metric.	Good	Good
Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Hydrologic regime ¹⁷ (Landscape Context)	Timing, duration, frequency, and rate of chanve of extreme low flows ¹⁸	-	Poor: Frequncy of extreme low flows shows a distinct change across the period of record. Fair: Frequncy of extreme low flows shows a moderate change across the period of record. Good: Frequncy of extreme low flows shows only a slight change across the period of record. Very Good: Frequncy of extreme low flows shows no discernable change across the period of record.	Good	Good
Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Hydrologic regime ¹⁹ (Landscape Context)	Timing, duration, frequency, and rate of change of small to moderate floods ²⁰	-	Poor: Statistics of small to moderate floods show distinct change across the period of record. Fair: Statistics of small to moderate floods show moderate change across the period of record. Good: Statistics of small to moderate floods show only slight change across the period of record. Very Good: Statistics of small to moderate floods show no discernable change across the period of record.	Good	Good
Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure ²¹ (Landscape Context)	% of gages that change class (cold or cool to cool or warm water)	-	Poor: Many gages change temprature class. Fair: Some gages change temperature class. Good: Few gages change temperature class. Very Good: No gages change temperature class.	Good	Good
Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams	Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure ²² (Landscape Context)	Mean July water temperature	-	Poor: Mean July water temperature shows a distinct change across the period of record. Fair: Mean July water temperature shows a moderate change across the period of record. Good: Mean July water temperature shows only a slight change across the period of record. Very Good: Mean July water temperature shows no discernable change across the period of record.	Good	Good

COMMENTS:

¹ Both downed woody debris and standing snags over 4" dbh are a well-recognized biological legacy of late successional or old growth forests.

² Regeneration is a key measure of the ecological integrity of a healthy forest ecosystem.

³ One of the premises of conserving forest matrix blocks is to capture the full representation of forest community types expected in the ELU. Many of these communities are altered to lack of fire or other disturbances and need to be restored.

⁴ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁵ Oak is a keystone species of Central Appalachian hardwood forests, providing critical mast food resources in the absence of American chestnut.

⁶ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁷ Number of age classes is key to having a healthy and diverse forest ecosystem.

⁸ Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

⁹ Graph theory is a landscape ecology analysis tool that evaluates the degree of connectivity between blocks.

¹⁰ Need to figure out score thresholds Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: High

¹¹ Intact distrubance regimes such as fire, wind, ice storms and hurricanes create structural and compositional diversity in forest matrix blocks necessary to support all component plant and animal species.

¹² Confidence of these indicator rating descriptions: Low

¹³ Lack of fire has severely altered the pattern and structure of these forest blocks. Confidence of the current rating: High

¹⁴ In order to mitigate the effects of acid deposition, forest soils on high elevation ridges need base saturations of at least 15% (Binkley et al. 1989)

¹⁵ The amount of interior or "core" habitat that is not adversely impacted by "edge effects" such as secondary roads, power lines or other small building structures/clearings is an important measure of the integrity of the forest matrix blocks. We chose 300 meters because this is generally accepted distance from edge necessary for nesting neotropical migratory songbirds to have successful clutches and avoid cowbird parasitism.

¹⁶ Distribution of cold, cool and warm water streams governs species prescence and distribution.

¹⁷ Extreme low flows cause significant stress to aquatic targets.

¹⁸ The more your floods today are like your floods yesterday, and your floods tomorrow are like your floods today, the happier you are.

¹⁹ Small to moderate floods govern habitat ability and sediment movement.

²⁰ The more your floods today are like your floods yesterday, and your floods tomorrow are like your floods today, the happier you are.

²¹ Distribution of cold, cool and warm water streams governs species prescence and distribution.

²² Landscape pattern

Objectives, Strategic Actions and Action Steps

Show all:
Strategic Action Measures
Action Steps Measures
Comments

Objective: By 2060, ensure that each forest matrix block in the High Allegheny and Central Appalachian Integrated Landscapes experience no net loss of core forest over 2010 levels.

Objective: Maintain the spectrum of variability of available environmental settings within each major river drainage in the Appalachian landscape, and keep our mix of species pretty close to what is now.

Objective: Through 2050, ensure that 80% of portfolio areas currently supporting small patch endemic species and communities in the Central Appalachians are dominated by native species.

Objective: Through 2050, ensure that 80% of portfolio areas currently supporting small patch endemic species and communities in the Central Appalachians are protected as intact habitats embedded within larger landscapes.

Objective: Through 2060, retain forest cover among core forest areas in the Central Appalachian Landscape to maintain large scale ecological processes including watershed hydrology and plant and wildlife dispersal.

Strategy Effectiveness

Show all:
Comments
Objective Measures
Indicator Methods
Indicator Measures
Progress Reports

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: By 2060, ensure that each forest matrix block in the High Allegheny and Central Appalachian Integrated Landscapes experience no net loss of core forest over 2010 levels.

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: Maintain the spectrum of variability of available environmental settings within each major river drainage in the Appalachian landscape, and keep our mix of species pretty close to what is now.

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: Through 2050, ensure that 80% of portfolio areas currently supporting small patch endemic species and communities in the Central Appalachians are dominated by native species.

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: Through 2050, ensure that 80% of portfolio areas currently supporting small patch endemic species and communities in the Central Appalachians are protected as intact habitats embedded within larger landscapes.

Percent Complete: 0%

Objective: Through 2060, retain forest cover among core forest areas in the Central Appalachian Landscape to maintain large scale ecological processes including watershed hydrology and plant and wildlife dispersal.

All Monitoring Indicators

Show all:
Methods
Measurement Report
Progress Reports
Objectives
Target KEA Refs
Target Threat Refs
Other Refs

Indicator: % of focal matrix blocks with adequate core/buffer forested conditions.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Size: Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems

Indicator: % of forest matrix block area greater than 300m* from nearest "edge"
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Size: Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems

Indicator: % of gages that change class (cold or cool to cool or warm water)
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
- Landscape Context: Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure

Indicator: % of streams showing a shift in a composite metric of temperature sensitive species.
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
- Condition: Species composition / dominance

Indicator: Adequate understory regeneration of native tree species for stands in late-MS and LSOG successional stages (live tree density(BA) - #trees(BA) >4"dbh/acre)
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Condition: Population structure & recruitment

Indicator: Base saturation of ridge top soils
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Landscape Context: Soil / sediment structure & chemistry

Indicator: Frequency, pattern and extent of disturbances
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				Lack of fire has severely altered the pattern and structure of these forest blocks. Confidence of the current rating: High

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Landscape Context: Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure

Indicator: Mean July water temperature
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
- Landscape Context: Landscape pattern (mosaic) & structure

Indicator: Number of cohorts and/or presence of uneven aged vertical structure within late-MS and LSOG stands
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Condition: Successional dynamics

Indicator: Percent Oak in Overstory
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Condition: Species composition / dominance

Indicator: Percent of native historic forest community types represented in forest blocks
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Condition: Species composition / dominance

Indicator: Score for connectivity as determined by graph theory analysis, FRAGSTATS metric TBD, or other analysis
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Landscape Context: Connectivity among communities & ecosystems

Indicator: Timing, duration, frequency, and rate of change of small to moderate floods
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
- Landscape Context: Hydrologic regime

Indicator: Timing, duration, frequency, and rate of chanve of extreme low flows
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
		Rough Guess

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Small Rivers and Streams
- Landscape Context: Hydrologic regime

Indicator: Total acreage of Forest Matrix Blocks as currently defined in ecoregional portfolio
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Size: Size / extent of characteristic communities / ecosystems

Indicator: Woody debris/fallen logs (#(volume-cuft)/acre >4" butt) + snag density (#/acre(BA) >4" diameter dbh)
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Central Appalachian Matrix Forest
- Condition: Biological legacies

Central Appalachian Forest IL Plan (ID: 1497)

Download Project

Associated Files

Associated Links