Grouse Creek Mountains & Raft River Mountains, Utah (ID: 782)

Project last modified by jon_fisher on October 22, 2009. Project Created By: The Nature Conservancy.

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Basic
Viability
Threats
Viability Assessment
Action Plan
Strategy Effectiveness
Indicators
Resources

Project Info

Contact Name:
Elaine York

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Contact Organization:
The Nature Conservancy

Project Start Date:
October 01, 2005

Data Effective Date:
October 15, 2006

Hectares:
445,154

Sharing Status:
This project may be shared outside of
The Nature Conservancy.

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Operational Unit(s):

Utah

Ecoregion(s):

Columbia Plateau
Great Basin

Country(ies):

United States of America

Project Description:
The Grouse Creek Mountains and Raft River Mountains intersect in Utah’s northwest corner to form an impressive 1,000,000+-acre landscape bordered by Nevada and Idaho. The landscape overlaps with the Great Basin ecoregion while including a smaller portion of the Columbia Plateau ecoregion to the northwest. With elevations ranging from approximately 4,300 to 9,600 feet, vegetation types include salt desert shrublands, sagebrush shrublands, woodlands of pinyon-juniper, stable and seral aspen, curlleaf mountain mahogany, and subalpine conifers, and mountain streams and springs support riparian corridors and wet meadows.

The Grouse Creek Mountains and Raft River Mountains landscape is considered a conservation priority for The Nature Conservancy and a management priority for the Utah Partners for Conservation and Development. The landscape supports both common and rare species of special management interest: mule deer, pronghorn, pygmy rabbit, greater sage-grouse, ferruginous hawk, northern goshawk, Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Crittenden’s springsnail, Cottam’s cinquefoil and more. The landscape is home to the third largest historic population of greater sage-grouse in Utah and overlaps with an important raptor migration flyway.

Participated in the 2009 Climate Clinic.

Project Goal Comment:
Fuels and vegetation management are important tools that can be used as restorative processes on the landscape, but future planning and assessment steps require a process to quantify the cumulative effects of these restoration efforts and their capacity to increase ecological integrity and restore wildlife habitat. Assessing the ability, or inability, of collective restorative processes to meet desired future conditions would result in the capacity to provide adaptive, project specific recommendations with regard to size, geographic distribution, and methods of future restoration projects. The landscape modeling project in the Grouse Creek Mountains and Raft River Mountains, Utah can provide a collaborative model useful for this and other landscapes.

Team Info:
Elaine York, West Desert Regional Director, The Nature Conservancy (UT), eyork@tnc.org; Louis Provencher, Director of Conservation Ecology, The Nature Conservancy (NV), lprovencher@tnc.org; Gen Green, GIS Analyst, The Nature Conservancy (UT), ggreen@tnc.org

Results and Lessons Learned Summary:
The overall results and management conclusions for all scenarios based on patterns in ecological departure and structural vegetation complexity (Shannon diversity index) were:
(a) The a-spatial natural range of variability is generally adequate. The natural range of variability for each biophysical setting was generally not affected by spatial effects during reference simulations, except to reduce late-development vegetation classes of biophysical settings with longer fire return intervals often surrounded by mountain big sagebrush (pinyon-juniper woodlands, curlleaf mountain mahogany, and low sagebrush).
(b) Small projects do not affect landscape-level ecological condition. Vegetation management projects, including fire rehabilitation, distributed across the landscape from 2001 to 2006 had no detectable landscape-level effects on ecological departure because they were too small, created outcomes that were either no different or worse than the condition they attempted to fix, converted degraded range to pasture, or realized improvements to ecological departure were masked by continued deterioration of the landscape due to mainly cheatgrass invasion. Local vegetation management projects that were not in response to post-fire rehabilitation might have achieved local objectives.
(c) Core management scenarios were never successful at restoring lower to middle elevation biophysical settings invaded by cheatgrass. New scenarios not examined here will be required to control cheatgrass infestation.
(d) Prioritizing biophysical settings for management can backfire. Managers should not decide restoration activities based on biophysical setting’s ability to respond to treatments. Biophysical settings with a higher return on the investment usually occupy a smaller area and higher elevations in the landscape; therefore, concentrating limited resources means that biophysical settings with lower returns on the investment, which are generally at middle to lower elevations and more widespread, will be neglected while also being more susceptible to cheatgrass invasion. This scenario often had the strongest and more frequent effect, and managing biophysical settings according to priorities had detrimental effects by increasing ecological departure. Biophysical setting priorities had no effect on structural vegetation complexity.
(e) Funding distributed across ownership boundaries made a difference in a limited number of cases. Utah Partners for Conservation and Development have the ability to distribute funds for fire and vegetation management across ownership boundaries, including private ownership. Results suggest that this should be encouraged to especially restore black sagebrush and montane wet meadows, and marginally so for Wyoming big sagebrush semi-desert, and to increase structural vegetation complexity. On the other hand, curlleaf mountain mahogany and montane riparian benefit more by keeping funding within their original ownership.
(f) Fuel breaks increased structural vegetation complexity. Fuel breaks had the strongest effect on increasing structural vegetation complexity, even under high rates of cheatgrass dispersal. Fuel breaks along paved and dirt roads made of introduced species, also called “green strips”, should be implemented below the 30.5 centimeter (12 inch) precipitation zone, where this action was most needed, and perhaps from 30.5 to 35.6 centimeter (12 to 14 inches) of precipitation. Although we simulated a 30-meter (98 feet) wide fuel break, 61-meter (200 foot) corridors might be more effective, although more expensive.
(g) Placing vegetation treatments adjacent to desirable habitat had no effect.
(h) Managing vegetation only around communities at risk does not help.

Objectives

Name
Collaboratively developed landscape model and data layers will aid land managers in decision making to achieve ecological health (reduction in ecological departure from the range of natural variability).

Targets

Focal Conservation Target	Target Type	Habitat Type
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Ecological System	Forest :: Temperate
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Ecological System	Forest
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Ecological System	Forest :: Temperate
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Ecological System	Forest
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Ecological System	Forest
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW) (more info) Description: Basin Wildrye = Leymus cinereus	Ecological System	Grassland
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	Ecological System	Riparian Areas
Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	Ecological System	Grassland
Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT)	Ecological System	Shrubland
Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland	Ecological System	Shrubland
Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM)	Ecological System	Wetlands
Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP)	Ecological System	Shrubland
Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN)	Ecological System	Shrubland
Greasewood (BpS 1153)	Ecological System	Shrubland
Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA)	Ecological System	-
Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081)	Ecological System	Shrubland
Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)	Ecological System	Shrubland

Threats

Threat (Common Taxonomy) ^*	Targets Threatened
Altered fire: too high frequency and size (Natural System Modifications :: Fire & Fire Suppression )	Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062) Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019) Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP) Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN) Greasewood (BpS 1153) Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA) Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
Cheatgrass invasion (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species )	Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062) Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019) Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP) Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN) Greasewood (BpS 1153) Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA) Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
Excessive herbivory (Agriculture & Aquaculture :: Livestock Farming & Ranching )	Seral Aspen (BpS 1061) Stable Aspen (BpS 1011) Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW) Montane Riparian (BpS 1154) Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT) Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP) Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
Pinyon-Juniper encroachment (Natural System Modifications :: Other Ecosystem Modifications )	-
Altered fire: fire suppression (Natural System Modifications :: Fire & Fire Suppression )	Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052) Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)
Climate Change (Climate Change & Severe Weather :: Droughts )	Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052) Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062) Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019) Seral Aspen (BpS 1061) Stable Aspen (BpS 1011) Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW) Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146) Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP) Greasewood (BpS 1153) Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
Conversion to pasture (Agriculture & Aquaculture :: Livestock Farming & Ranching )	Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)
Exotic invasion (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species )	Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW) Montane Riparian (BpS 1154) Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM) Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA)
Insect/Disease (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Problematic Native Species )	Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052) Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062) Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019) Seral Aspen (BpS 1061) Stable Aspen (BpS 1011) Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW) Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
Juniper invasion (Invasive & Other Problematic Species & Genes :: Problematic Native Species )	Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP) Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN) Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA) Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
Water diversion (Natural System Modifications :: Dams & Water Management/Use )	Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW) Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)

^* For information on the common taxonomy of threats, see http://conservationmeasures.org/CMP/IUCN/.

Strategies

Strategy (Common Taxonomy)	Threats Addressed
Create forage reserves on altered public and private lands to address upper and lower range degradation. ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management ) (more info) Comment:: Restoration of upper elevation range on public allotments is badly needed and resisted by ranchers for financial reasons because 2-3 years of post-restoration rest limits dramatically livestock grazing management. We propose to remove this important barrier by moving displaced livestock to range created by converting cheatgrass infested rangelands into introduced species pastures on private and federally managed lands. Direct native seeding on degraded, lower elevation range is rarely successful. Following 5 years of livestock use of pasture, seed in native species and move livestock to newly created pasture or to restored upper elevations range.	-
To reduce ecological departure across all biophysical settings (veg types) in this landscape, implement fuel breaks along most paved and dirt roads. ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management ) (more info) Comment:: For more detail, read the full landscape modeling report (available on ConPro). Fuel breaks had the strongest effect on increasing structural vegetation complexity, even under high rates of cheatgrass dispersal. Fuel breaks along paved and dirt roads made of introduced species, also called "green strips," should be implemented below the 12 inch precipitation zone where this action was most needed, and perhaps from 12 to 14 inches of precipitation. A 30-meter (98 feet) wide fuel break was simulated and a 61-meter (200 foot) corridor might be more effective although more expensive.	-
To reduce ecological departure across all biophysical settings (veg types) in this landscape, share resources across ownerships (see comment below). ( External Capacity Building :: Alliance & Partnership Development ) (more info) Comment:: For more detail, read the full landscape modeling report (available on ConPro). Funding distributed across ownership boundaries made a difference in a limited number of cases. Utah Partners for Conservation and Development have the ability to distribute funds for fire and vegetation management across ownership boundaries, including private ownership. Results suggest that this should be encouraged to especially restore black sagebrush and montane wet meadows, and marginally so for Wyoming big sagebrush semi-desert, and to increase structural vegetation complexity. On the other hand, curlleaf mountain mahogany and montane riparian benefit more by keeping funding within their original ownership.	-
To reduce ecological departure across all biophysical settings (veg types) in this landscape, use vegetation treatments on a variety of biophysical settings with most desirable restoration responses. ( Land/Water Management :: Site/Area Management ) (more info) Comment:: For more detail, read the full landscape modeling report (available on ConPro). Biophysical settings (BpS) with a higher return on the investment usually occupy a smaller area and higher elevations in the landscape; therefore, concentrating limited resources means that BpS with lower returns on the investment, which are generally at middle to lower elevations and more widespread, will be neglected while also being more susceptible to cheatgrass invasion. This scenario often had the strongest and more frequent effect, and managing BpS according to priorities had detrimental effects by increasing ecological departure. BpS priorities had no effect on structural vegetation complexity. Managers should not decide restoration activities based on BpS' ability to respond to treatments.	-

Viability Summary

Conservation Targets		Landscape Context		Condition		Size		Viability Rank
Conservation Targets		Grade	Weight	Grade	Weight	Grade	Weight	Viability Rank
1	Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Fair	1.0	Poor	1.0	Very Good	0.5	Fair
2	Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Good	1.0	Fair	1.0	Very Good	0.5	Good
3	Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Good	1.0	Good	1.0	Very Good	0.5	Good
4	Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Poor	1.0	Fair	1.0	-	0.5	Fair
5	Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Fair	1.0	Poor	1.0	Good	0.5	Fair
6	Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Poor	1.0	Fair	1.0	Very Good	1.0	Fair
7	Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	Fair	1.0	-	1.0	Fair	1.0	Fair
8	Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	Fair	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Fair
9	Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT)	Fair	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Fair
10	Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland	Poor	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Poor
11	Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM)	Good	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Good
12	Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP)	Poor	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Poor
13	Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN)	Fair	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Fair
14	Greasewood (BpS 1153)	Poor	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Poor
15	Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA)	Fair	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Fair
16	Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081)	Poor	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Poor
17	Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)	Poor	1.0	-	1.0	-	1.0	Poor
Project Biodiversity Health Rank								Fair

Threat Summary

Project-specific Threats (Common Taxonomy *)	Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN)	Greasewood (BpS 1153)	Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA)	Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081)	Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT)	Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland	Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM)	Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)	Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP)	Overall Threat Rank
Altered fire: too high frequency and size (Fire & Fire Suppression)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	High	-	-	-	-	-	-	Medium
Cheatgrass invasion (Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	High	-	-	-	-	-	-	Medium
Excessive herbivory (Livestock Farming & Ranching)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Medium
Pinyon-Juniper encroachment (Other Ecosystem Modifications)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Low
Altered fire: fire suppression (Fire & Fire Suppression)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Climate Change (Droughts)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Conversion to pasture (Livestock Farming & Ranching)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Exotic invasion (Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Insect/Disease (Problematic Native Species)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Juniper invasion (Problematic Native Species)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Water diversion (Dams & Water Management/Use)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Threat Status for Targets and Project	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	High	-	-	-	-	-	-	Very High

Project Resources

Categories & Measures		Score
People
	Staff Leadership	-
	Multidisciplinary Team	-
People Average		-
Internal Resources
	Institutional Learning	-
	Funding	-
Internal Resources Average		-
External Resources
	Social/Legal Framework for Conservation	-
	Community and Constituency Support	-
External Resources Average		-
Overall Project Resource Rank

Assessment of Target Viability

Conservation Target	Key Attribute (Category)	Indicator	Current Indicator Measurement	Rating Comments: (Poor, Fair Good Very Good)	Current Rating and Date	Desired Rating and Date
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species (Condition)	Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs), relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; herbaceous native plants sparse. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); herbaceous native plants well represented. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species (Condition)	Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheatgrass.	-	Poor: Habitat altering nonnatives well established (e.g., ≥4 cheatgrass plant per square foot or >10% cover) Fair: 1-3 cheatgrass plant per square foot or 5-10% cover Good: No habitat altering nonnatives well established (e.g., <1 cheatgrass plant per square foot or <5% cover) Very Good: Very limited coverage of nonnative species	Poor	-
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Soil/site stability Soil surface protection: Bare ground (Condition)	Amount of bare ground relative to NRCS predicted values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; bare ground predominant. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); bare ground within acceptable range. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Soil/Site Stability Soil surface protection: Biological soil crust (Condition)	Amount of biological soil crust.	-	Poor: Crust absent and recovery infeasible. Fair: Crust only where protected from trampling. Good: Crust between shrubs. Very Good: -	Fair	-
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 2	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33%) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0%)	Fair Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Minimum dynamic area (Size)	Acreage of system in landscape	-	Poor: Largest occurrence(s) <5,000 acres Fair: Largest occurrence(s) 5,000-10,000 acres Good: Largest occurrence(s) 10,000-30,000 acres Very Good: Largest occurrence(s) >30,000 acres	Very Good	-
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)	Minimum dynamic area (Size)	Acreage of system in landscape based on pronghorn	-	Poor: - Fair: Insufficient Good: Sufficient Very Good: -	Good	-
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species (Condition)	Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs) and woody overstory species, relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; herbaceous native plants sparse, and/or woody species over-represented. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); herbaceous native plants well represented, and woody species <40% absolute cover. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species (Condition)	Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheatgrass.	-	Poor: Habitat altering nonnatives well established (e.g., ≥4 cheatgrass plant per square foot or >10% cover) Fair: 1-3 cheatgrass plant per square foot or 5-10% cover Good: No habitat altering nonnatives well established (e.g., <1 cheatgrass plant per square foot or <5% cover) Very Good: Very limited coverage of nonnative species	Fair	-
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Soil/site stability Soil surface protection: Bare ground (Condition)	Amount of bare ground relative to NRCS predicted values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; bare ground predominant. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); bare ground within acceptable range. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Soil/Site Stability Soil surface protection: Biological soil crust (Condition)	Amount of biological soil crust.	-	Poor: Crust absent and recovery infeasible. Fair: Crust only where protected from trampling. Good: Crust between shrubs. Very Good: -	Fair	-
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 1	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33%) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0%)	Good Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)	Minimum dynamic area (Size)	Acreage of system in landscape (based on historic fire size)	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: 10,000 fairly continuous acres (10x average fire size) Very Good: 40,000 acres (4x max. fire size) with minimum patch size of 10,000 acres.	Very Good	-
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species (Condition)	Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs) and woody overstory species, relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; herbaceous native plants sparse, and/or woody species over-represented. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); herbaceous native plants well represented, and woody species <40% absolute cover. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species (Condition)	Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheat-grass below ca. 7000 ft. elev.	-	Poor: Dominated by nonnative species. Fair: Nonnatives may be present and abundant in small and large patches. Good: Nonnative species rare. Very Good: No nonnative species.	Good	-
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Soil/site stability Soil surface protection: Bare ground (Condition)	Amount of bare ground relative to NRCS predicted values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; bare ground predominant. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); bare ground within acceptable range. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 1	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33%) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0%)	Good Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)	Minimum dynamic area (Size)	Acreage of system in landscape (based on historic fire size).	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: 5,000 fairly continuous acres (10x average fire size) Very Good: 20,000 acres (4x max. fire size) with minimum patch size of 5,000 acres.	Very Good	-
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species (Condition)	Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheatgrass.	-	Poor: Habitat altering nonnatives well established (e.g., ≥4 cheatgrass plant per square foot or >10% cover) Fair: 1-3 cheatgrass plant per square foot or 5-10% cover Good: No habitat altering nonnatives well established (e.g., <1 cheatgrass plant per square foot or <5% cover) Very Good: Very limited coverage of nonnative species	Fair	-
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Stand densification (Condition)	Density of young pinyon-juniper in older (late) seral classes.	-	Poor: More than 60% total tree cover in older seral classes (i.e. patches that contain significant cover of older trees); saplings and immature trees dominate among older trees. Fair: Approx. 40-60% tree cover in older seral classes (cover depends on site productivity); saplings and immature trees common among older trees. Good: Approx. 30-50% tree cover in older seral classes (cover depends on site productivity); saplings and immature trees present, but not common in this seral class. Very Good: Approx. 20-50% tree cover in older seral classes (cover depends on site productivity); few saplings and immature trees in this seral class.	Fair	-
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33%) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0%)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)	Fire importation (Landscape Context)	Proportion of adjacent shrublands (potential veg) in wooded, closed condition (p-j invaded) that can carry crown fire.	-	Poor: Majority of surrounding shrublands are in wooded, closed condition. Fair: >5% of surrounding shrublands are in wooded, closed condition. Good: <5% of surrounding shrublands are in wooded, closed condition. Very Good: -	Fair	-
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Aspen regeneration (Condition)	Number of young aspen stems (5-15 ft tall) per acre.	-	Poor: No aspen regeneration present. Fair: < 500 stems per acre. Good: > 500 stems per acre; stand is hard to “see through.” Very Good: -	Poor	-
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species (Condition)	Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs) and shrub understory species, relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values; herbaceous native plants sparse, and/or shrub species over-represented. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%); herbaceous native plants and shrubs well represented. Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Good	-
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 2	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Fair Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	-	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33%) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0%)	Poor	-
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)	Minimum dynamic area (Size)	Acreage of system in landscape based on characteristic native animal species	-	Poor: - Fair: Insufficient Good: Sufficient Very Good: -	Good	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Community Diversity (Condition)	Diversity of riparian communities relative to landform/channel characteristics	-	Poor: Low Fair: Moderate Good: High Very Good: -	Fair	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Flow-energy dissipation: water and sediment storage (Condition)	In-channel features: beaver dams (if present historically), large woody debris.	-	Poor: Beaver dams or coarse woody debris absent. Fair: Beaver dams or coarse woody debris infrequent. Good: Beaver dams and/or coarse woody debris present to common. Very Good: Beaver dams and/or coarse woody debris frequent.	Fair	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species (Condition)	Native riparian-wetland plant species cover relative to NRCS predicted values.	-	Poor: Highly departed (>67% departure) from predicted values. Fair: Moderately departed (34-66% departure) from predicted values. Good: Slightly departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 33%). Very Good: Minimally departed (0-33% departure) from predicted values (closer to 0%).	Fair	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species (Condition)	Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species.	-	Poor: Dominated by nonnative plants. Fair: Nonnatives may be present and abundant in small and large patches. Good: Nonnative species rare. Very Good: No nonnative species.	Good	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Channel and floodplain geometry (Landscape Context)	Sinuosity, width/depth ratio, gradient, and channel-floodplain connection relative to landscape setting (i.e. landform, geology, and bioclimatic region).	-	Poor: Not in balance; streams fully channelized or deeply entrenched; bank and floodplain vegetation sparse; wholly inadequate to dissipate flow energy and protect soils. Fair: Many stream reaches channelized or entrenched; requires more than 5-yr event to overtop banks; bank and floodplain vegetation moderate-ly dense or patchy; barely adequate to dissipate flow energy and protect soils. Good: Minor channelization or entrenchment; 5-yr event will overtop banks; bank and flood-plain vegetation dense; adequate to dissipate flow energy and protect soils. Very Good: No channelization or bank entrenchment; bank and flood-plain vegetation very dense; wholly adequate to dissipate flow energy and protect soils.	Good	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	Fair Jun 9, 2009
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Hydrologic regime (Landscape Context)	Peak flow, base flow, and bankfull flows relative to natural range of variability.	-	Poor: Out of range. Fair: Insufficient surface flows to support most components; several diversions. Good: Within range; sufficient surface flows to support most components; few diversions. Very Good: -	Fair	-
Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)	Minimum dynamic area (Size)	Size of largest occurrence(s) [contiguous riparian stringers] of system in site.	-	Poor: Largest occurrence(s) <0.5 linear mile Fair: Largest occurrence(s) 0.5-1.0 linear mile Good: Largest occurrence(s) 1.0-1.5 linear mile Very Good: Largest occurrence(s) >1.5 linear mile	Very Good	-
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	stream habitat, cover ¹ (Condition)	pool abundance and quality during late growing season low flow period (see pool classifi-cation3)*	-	Poor: almost entirely 3rd class pools («10% of stream habitat is 1st class pools and «50% is 2nd class pools)3 Fair: >10% of stream habitat is 1st class pools and <50% is 2nd class pools3 Good: 10–30% of stream habitat is 1st class pools or ³50% is 2nd class pools3 Very Good: >30% of stream habitat is 1st class pools3	-	-
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 2	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Fair Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	-	Poor: - Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	-	-
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	reduced flows, blockage of passages, habitat degradation ² (Landscape Context)	construction of dams and reservoirs, failures of dams, water diversions	-	Poor: existing or planned Fair: - Good: - Very Good: -	Fair	-
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)	population (Size)	density of sexually mature adults (³15 cm) ³	-	Poor: <50/mi Fair: 51–150/mi Good: 151–400/mi Very Good: >400/mi	Fair	-
Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	-	-
Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	Fire regime - (timing, frequency, intensity, extent) (Landscape Context)	Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheat-grass below ca. 7000 ft. elev.	-	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC2 Good: FRCC 1 Very Good: FRCC 1 (departed <15%)	Fair ⁴	Good
Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	nest sites (protective cover) ⁵ (Landscape Context)	mean height of nest-cover sagebrush ⁶	-	Poor: <29 cm or >80 cm Fair: 29–46 cm Good: 46–63 cm Very Good: 63–80 cm	-	-
Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)	population maintenance (survival of young) ⁷ (Size)	no. of juveniles/hens in the fall ⁸	-	Poor: <2.19 Fair: 2.19–2.25 Good: 2.25–2.96 Very Good: >2.96	-	-
Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 2	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Fair Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	Fair Jun 9, 2009
Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 1	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Good Jun 13, 2006	Good Jun 9, 2009
Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	-
Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 2	Poor: FRCC 1 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 3 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 3 (closer to 0% departed)	Fair Jun 13, 2006	- Jun 9, 2009
Greasewood (BpS 1153)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	-
Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 2	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 3 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 3 (closer to 0% departed)	Fair Jun 13, 2006	-
Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	- Jun 9, 2009
Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)	Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib (Landscape Context)	FRCC (fire regime condition class)	Strata FRCC 3	Poor: FRCC 3 Fair: FRCC 2 Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 33% departed) Very Good: FRCC 1 (closer to 0% departed)	Poor Jun 13, 2006	- Jun 9, 2009

COMMENTS:

¹ 31st class pools: large, deep, with large low-velocity areas, >30% of bottom obscured due to depth, surface turbulence, or presence of logs, debris, boulders, or overhanging banks or vegetation; or, depth ³1.5 m in streams 5 m wide or 2 m in streams >5 m wide. 2nd class pools: moderate size and depth, with moderately large low-velocity areas, 5–30% of bottom obscured; these are typically large eddies behind boulders or moderately deep low-velocity areas beneath overhanging banks or vegetation. 3rd class pools: small and/or shallow, little low-velocity area, cover absent or only shade, surface turbulence, or very limited structure (e.g., debris, boulders, bank, or vegetation); these are typically wide, shallow areas of stream or small eddies behind boulders; nearly entire bottom is visible.

² Thurow et al. (1988)

³ This indicator is based on guidelines developed for 2 other races of O. clarkii: O. c. utah and O. c. pleuriticus.

⁴ NW Utah spatial modeling report 2008 (Provencher et al.)

⁵ “Mean height of sagebrush most commonly used by nesting [sage] grouse ranges from 29 to 80 cm . . . , and nests tend to be under the tallest sagebrush within a stand . . . . In general, sage grouse nests are placed under shrubs having larger canopies and more ground and lateral cover . . . ” (Connelly et al. 2000).

⁶ Connelly et al. (2000)

⁷ “Among western states, long-term ratios have varied from 1.40 to 2.96 juveniles/hen in the fall; since 1985 these ratios have ranged from 1.21 to 2.19 . . . . Available data suggest that a ratio ≥2.25 juveniles/hen in the fall should result in stable to increasing sage grouse populations . . . ” (Connelly et al. 2000).

⁸ Connelly et al. (2000)

Objectives, Strategic Actions and Action Steps

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Action Steps Measures
Comments

Objective: Collaboratively developed landscape model and data layers will aid land managers in decision making to achieve ecological health (reduction in ecological departure from the range of natural variability).

Strategy Effectiveness

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Comments
Objective Measures
Indicator Methods
Indicator Measures
Progress Reports

Percent Complete: 0%

All Monitoring Indicators

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Methods
Measurement Report
Progress Reports
Objectives
Target KEA Refs
Target Threat Refs
Other Refs

Indicator: Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheat-grass below ca. 7000 ft. elev.
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
				NW Utah spatial modeling report 2008 (Provencher et al.)

Key Attribute

Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)
- Landscape Context: Fire regime - (timing, frequency, intensity, extent)
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species

Indicator: Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species, especially cheatgrass.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species

Indicator: Abundance of habitat-altering nonnative species.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Condition: Species Composition: Habitat-altering nonnative plant species

Indicator: Acreage of system in landscape
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Size: Minimum dynamic area

Indicator: Acreage of system in landscape (based on historic fire size)
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)
- Size: Minimum dynamic area

Indicator: Acreage of system in landscape (based on historic fire size).
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)
- Size: Minimum dynamic area

Indicator: Acreage of system in landscape based on characteristic native animal species
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)
- Size: Minimum dynamic area

Indicator: Acreage of system in landscape based on home range size of P-J obligate birds.
(other refs)

Others:

Indicator: Acreage of system in landscape based on pronghorn
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Size: Minimum dynamic area

Indicator: Amount of bare ground relative to NRCS predicted values for pertinent Ecological Sites.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Condition: Soil/site stability Soil surface protection: Bare ground
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)
- Condition: Soil/site stability Soil surface protection: Bare ground
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)
- Condition: Soil/site stability Soil surface protection: Bare ground

Indicator: Amount of biological soil crust.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Condition: Soil/Site Stability Soil surface protection: Biological soil crust
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)
- Condition: Soil/Site Stability Soil surface protection: Biological soil crust

Indicator: construction of dams and reservoirs, failures of dams, water diversions
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)
- Landscape Context: reduced flows, blockage of passages, habitat degradation

Indicator: density of sexually mature adults (³15 cm)
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)
- Size: population

Indicator: Density of young pinyon-juniper in older (late) seral classes.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)
- Condition: Stand densification

Indicator: Diversity of riparian communities relative to landform/channel characteristics
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Condition: Community Diversity

Indicator: FRCC (fire regime condition class)
(measurement report) (target kea refs)

Measurement Report:

Measure	Date	Source	Trend	Comments
Target: Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 2	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 2	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Montane Riparian (BpS 1154), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 2	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 1	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 1	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland, Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC
Target: Seral Aspen (BpS 1061), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 2	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 1	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Stable Aspen (BpS 1011), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 2	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 2	Jun 13, 2006
Target: Greasewood (BpS 1153), Category: Landscape Context, KEA: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Strata FRCC 3	Jun 13, 2006

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Black Sagebrush (BpS 1079AN)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Greasewood (BpS 1153)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Low Sagebrush (BpS 1079AA)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Mixed Salt Desert Scrub (BpS 1081)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Mountain Big Sagebrush-mountain (BpS 1126MT)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Mountain Big Sagebrush-upland
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Wet Meadow (BpS 1145WM)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Wyoming Big Sagebrush-semi-desert (BpS 1080SD)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib
Wyoming Big Sagebrush-upland (BpS 1080UP)
- Landscape Context: Disturbance regime/Veg development distrib

Indicator: Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs) and shrub understory species, relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species

Indicator: Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs) and woody overstory species, relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mountain Mahogany (BpS 1062)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species
Pinyon-Juniper (BpS 1019)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species

Indicator: Herbaceous native plant cover (perennial grasses and forbs), relative to NRCS predicted cover values for pertinent Ecological Sites.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Mixed Conifers (BpS 1052)
- Condition: Biotic Integrity Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species

Indicator: In-channel features: beaver dams (if present historically), large woody debris.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Condition: Flow-energy dissipation: water and sediment storage

Indicator: mean height of nest-cover sagebrush
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)
- Landscape Context: nest sites (protective cover)

Indicator: Native riparian-wetland plant species cover relative to NRCS predicted values.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Condition: Species Composition: Characteristic native plant species

Indicator: no. of juveniles/hens in the fall
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Montane-Subalpine Grassland (BpS 1146)
- Size: population maintenance (survival of young)

Indicator: Number of young aspen stems (5-15 ft tall) per acre.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Stable Aspen (BpS 1011)
- Condition: Aspen regeneration

Indicator: Peak flow, base flow, and bankfull flows relative to natural range of variability.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Landscape Context: Hydrologic regime

Indicator: pool abundance and quality during late growing season low flow period (see pool classifi-cation3)*
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Montane Riparian (BpS 1154)
- Condition: stream habitat, cover

Indicator: Proportion of adjacent shrublands (potential veg) in wooded, closed condition (p-j invaded) that can carry crown fire.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Seral Aspen (BpS 1061)
- Landscape Context: Fire importation

Indicator: Sinuosity, width/depth ratio, gradient, and channel-floodplain connection relative to landscape setting (i.e. landform, geology, and bioclimatic region).
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Landscape Context: Channel and floodplain geometry

Indicator: Size of largest occurrence(s) [contiguous riparian stringers] of system in site.
(target kea refs)

Key Attribute

Basin Wildrye (BpS 1080BW)
- Size: Minimum dynamic area

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Grouse Creek Mountains & Raft River Mountains, Utah (ID: 782)

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